Miners and Utilities at Odds over Uranium Price Forecasts

Nowhere was it more evident of battle lines beingdeposit has extraordinary head grades, which is the
drawn between suppliers and end users in the nuclearuranium grade at the commencement of the solution
fuel sector than at the Platts Second Annual Nuclearmining. Newton pointed out that in the United States
Fuel Strategies conference on September 26th. Sincehead grades are about 100 parts per million (ppm) of
April, various utility consultants and fuel brokers haveuranium. At Crowe Butte (Nebraska), Power
routinely contacted StockInterview to 'talk down' theResources is getting 43 ppm.By comparison, the head
uranium price. Frequent is the mantra about howgrades in Kazakhstan reach 250ppm and are
speculators and hedge funds are driving the spotaveraging over 200ppm. While the deposits are
uranium price higher. But spot uranium and long-termdeeper, down to 1500 feet, Cameco will be drilling
contracts march higher each month. While utilitiesabout five times fewer wells because of those
appear complacent, there is now an underlying panicexemplary ppms. The cost per well will be more
lurking beneath the surface.About an hour after UxCexpensive, but there will be less wells to drill. Of
announced Tuesday's weekly spot price hike - nowcourse, there are shortages of drill rigs, which adds
to $54/pound, Rajiv Kundalkar, Vice President ofanother frustrating twist to mining in this country.To
Nuclear Engineering for Florida Power and Light tookmine these deposits by the in situ leach method,
the podium in the Pavilion Room of the RonaldCameco/Power will need about 40 kilograms of
Reagan Building in Washington, D.C. to pound thesulphuric acid to produce one kilogram of uranium.
table as to why uranium prices should take a dive. AsNewton bluntly announced, "To mine 100 metric tons
Mr. Kundalkar progressed through his presentation,of uranium will require 40 million kilograms of sulphuric
many in the audience wondered if he was theacid." He explained this annually amounted to 2200
industry's latest sacrificial lamb. Kundalkar galloped outtruckloads of sulphuric acid - about six truckloads per
of the presentation room within moments after heday. Every day year 'round.From where will Cameco
answered the final question.Clearly Kundalkar'sget this vast amount of sulphuric acid? Newton
audience disagreed with his conclusions of a uraniumexplained there were literally mountains of sulphur
price downturn, sometime in 2007. Questioning afterwaste remaining from the high-sulfur Caspian oil
his presentation could be summarized in one word:production. From there one could obtain sulphuric acid.
brutal. It was because Kundalkar argued the uraniumHe acknowledged Cameco, Areva or the Kazakhs
price was artificially high due to a perception of tightwould first need to build several sulphuric acid plants.
supply.He compared uranium's spectacular price riseHis best-case scenario for such a plant would be in
over the past six years to the jump in palladiumfive years. On the worst case scenario, Fletcher
prices. Kundalkar concluded palladium rose and fell, andskirted the issue, explaining the Kazaks needed to
so should uranium. He particularly emphasized thestreamline their operations.And therein one finds the
collapse of palladium mining stocks, which fell afterheadaches. The infrastructure is lacking. New roads
the underlying commodity sunk lower.He explainedwill have to be built to replace the 'camel trails' and
there was an abundant supply of uranium fromtruck the material from the mining operation to the
Canada, Australia and Kazakhstan, both now andprocessing facility. The Kazaks aren't quite ready for
especially in the coming years. Kundalkar pointed outall those trucks. Newton explained the arrival of
that delays in the licensing of new reactors in Chinatraffic jams in this backward nation, adding an
and India would suppress the demand for uranium. Heanecdote about a recent traffic accident resulting in a
added that Cigar Lake, Olympic Dam and Kazakhstanfatality. While we take these for granted, it is an
would provide sufficient uranium to meet theunusual development in the backcountry areas of
Western World requirements.Rather than blink at theKazakhstan where animals are the primary
short-term rise in uranium, Kundalkar explained awaytransportation mode. Yet another headache: new
any concern about the soaring fuel costs bytransmission lines will also be required to generate the
announcing Florida Power and Light was pursuing longelectricity to run the operations.Newton discussed the
term strategies and cost-control initiatives. One suchweather. Similar to northern Wyoming, he called the
plan was to make reactors more efficient. On theweather "a fast changing climate." He showed his
initiative that his plants would become more efficient,audience a slide of tall snow drifts, explaining the
one must wonder what maximum capacity thosesnowstorm produced this much snow in 45 minutes.
reactors can endure. Ten years ago, nuclear powerIn the winter, Cameco has learned to keep bulldozers
plants ran 75 percent capacity. Presently, they arenearby to dig out of the heavy snowfall. In the
being pushed to their limits above 90 percent.summer, roads need rebuilt from the flooding.A more
Kundalkar was not forthcoming in any details aboutserious problem is the labor force. Newton showed a
how his utility would institute cost-controlslide of a cozy Kazak peasant family during his
initiatives.After we called him on his three mainpresentation. After he spoke, we talked with him,
sources of supply, asking Kundalkar if he hadasking about the labor force. Newton explained that it
measured the risk variables inherent with thosewould be peasants such as the one in the slide that
regions, he acknowledged he had done so. Instead,would provide the bulk of labor for Cameco's Kazak
we lean toward believing he glibly digested industryoperations. Again, during his presentation he referred
reports, as far too many have done, but failed toto most of the country as having one's foot back in
investigate further or probe deeper about supplythe eighteenth or nineteenth centuries. We dared not
risks. Another questioned Kundalkar if Florida Powerask him if they still played polo with the heads of
and Light had participated in the recent Departmenttheir enemies as they did in the movie, "The Man
of Energy uranium sale. The utility had not. HeWho Would Be King."What will materialize when the
admitted he thought the price was too high. Instead,Kazak labor force discovers they need to share in
Cameco Corp bought the uranium and quickly resoldthe uranium profiteering? Chilean miners struck in
some of it for a profit.Bad News for UraniumAugust at BHP's Escondida copper mine, the world's
BearsHad he not scrambled away from thelargest, this past August, citing the steep rise in
conference, Kundalkar might have been shocked bycopper prices. BHP hopes to avert another strike at
the disclosures in the afternoon presentations whichthe nearby Spence project. Teck Cominco averted a
followed him. Had Kundalkar presented his thesis to astrike Sunday night at the Highland Valley copper
less savvy audience, he might have receivedmine in British Columbia by reaching a tentative
something more than a polite applause when hecontract with the miner's union. As utilities and other
stepped down. From the disgruntled audience, oneuranium bears explain that uranium will become more
long-time industry consultant asked Kundalkar pointabundant as more companies bring on more projects,
blank: Have you heard of peak oil?Unwitting denialfew are factoring in the rising labor costs, the
about supply risks has its consequences. The nextvariables inherent with developing new infrastructure
step down the descending staircase for complacentand the likelihood of delays. Environmentalists have
U.S. utilities came from Jim Ferland, head of Louisianaalso begun rearing their heads over various projects.
Energy Services (LES). This was Ferland's finalFew are factoring in this risk. The more active these
appearance on behalf of LES as he has since taken aanti-nuclear groups become, the greater they abet
VP job with Westinghouse. In his parting speech,the rising uranium price.The Milk AnecdoteBusiness in
Ferland announced an anti-nuclear lobbying group hadKazakhstan is not what one finds in the West.
filed an appeal against LES for their NRC license in theNewton admitted during his presentation that the
District of Columbia Circuit Court. He warned thereKazaks don't report their uranium production as other
was a potential risk of a stay or worse. By worse,countries do. For example, he discovered from a
Ferland inferred the uranium enrichment plant mightborder guard that Kazakhstan had been shipping
never operate at all. The consequence of 'worse'about 50 metric tons of uranium oxide to China
hung like a dark cloud in the room.Should the appealevery month for several months. But, nothing of that
be dismissed, Ferland cautioned about labor availabilityhad been reported in the media or to organizations,
in eastern New Mexico. Already, the company issuch as the World Nuclear Association, which track
worrying about higher labor costs and is expecting tomining production for each country.One can not be
go over budget on both plant construction andcertain of what to believe when KazAtomProm
operations. LES may have difficulty finding an ampleissues a forecast. Yet, many utilities, such as Florida
supply of electrical workers and aluminum weldersPower and Light, swallow these predictions without a
necessary for building the National Enrichment Facility.second thought. Questioned about Kazak production
He announced that getting the NRC license wasforecasts, Newton responded there were those who
relatively easy compared to what the companyhad "big thoughts." In the presentation which
would go through to construct the enrichmentfollowed, by Patricia Mohr, Vice President for
plant.U.S. utilities are counting upon the new uraniumEconomics at Canada's Scotiabank, she said while the
enrichment center for the SWU to power theirKazaks have extremely ambitious plans, their timeline
reactors. Will it arrive on time? No one can say rightwas "unrealistic."Newton deftly provided the "milk
now, but Ferland stuck to LES projections of theanecdote" for his audience while avoiding a direct
first SWU being delivered by fourth quarter 2008 andanswer to the question about KazAtomProm's robust
three million SWU generated in late 2012 to 2013. Anproduction forecasts. He explained that this reminded
expansion decision won't be made until 2009. Buthim of the old Soviet Union, when a top Communist
then again, Ferland will be at Westinghouse inparty official met with the general manager of a
Pittsburgh, not in New Mexico where LES will beRussian dairy cooperative. The party official asked
sweating to build that facility.More Bad News ifthe manager if he could quadruple last year's milk
Utilities Believe Kazak ProjectionsIn what wouldproduction. Of course, the manager promised he
qualify as the most sincere presentation of the day,would, vowing that he would do this for the Politburo
Power Resources Chief Executive Fletcher Newtonand so forth. Then, the official asked the manager if
discussed the upside and downside of uranium mininghe could increase production by eight times. The
in Kazakhstan. It is both a tribute to the crystal clearmanager announced it could be done and that he
transparency of Cameco and their subsidiary, Powerwould do it for the glory of the Fatherland. Finally, the
Resources, in providing us the truth about this difficultparty official asked the manager if he could increase
Central Asian country. Promising as Kazakhstanmilk production by 16 times over the previous year.
sounds on paper, Fletcher Newton concluded duringExasperated, the manager declared that he would
his presentation that mining in this country would beachieve this target, saying, "I can do it, but the milk is
challenging. More specifically, he said, "There is lots ofgoing to look a lot like water."Perhaps this anecdote
uranium out there, but getting it will be awill help Florida Power and other utilities become more
challenge."Newton described the Inkai solution miningcautious when readily factoring in Kazak uranium
project in Kazakhstan, of which one section is 600production into their fuel supply expectations.James
feet long by 300 feet wide. It will be the largestFinch contributes to and other publications. Visit to
solution mining project in the world - producing aboutread all of his archived articles on uranium and the
2000 tons annually, roughly 5 million pounds. Thenuclear fuel cycle.