Iran and Nuclear Power

On Iran's nuclear ambitions, some have suggested andeterrent capabilities of their own. And Israel, which
approach which mirrors our policy vis-a-vis N. Korea.has long seen Iran as a serious threat, might decide
In other words, if they really insist on the need for ato strike preemptively, as it did against Iraq in 1981.
peaceful nuclear infrastructure, then the world shouldTo prevent such a dangerous spiral, Iran's nuclear
help them build nuclear power plants which do notweapons development must be halted. It is not
produce the kind of nuclear byproduct which can beenough that Tehran sign on to the Nuclear
used to produce nuclear weapons. The trouble is N.Nonproliferation Treaty, as it has done. Nor is it
Korea and Iran clearly have ambitions of possessingsufficient only to allow additional inspections by the
nuclear weapons. In fact, most experts believeIAEA.
Pyongyang already has several such weapons in itsAs long as Iran has the inherent capability to produce
inventory. This approach, nonetheless, may be worthnuclear weapons materials, be it by enriching uranium
pursuing with Iran - if only to call Tehran's bluff. Soor reprocessing plutonium, it will have the option of
far, however, the U.S. and Europeans continue tofollowing in the footsteps of North Koreas
pursue this issue in the UN context.withdrawing from the nonproliferation treaty, ousting
In this regard, many experts believe this closethe inspectors and finishing a bomb.
collaboration to steer Iran away from its nuclearOnly when the key weapons-material-production
weapons program may pay off. The following Feb.parts of the nuclear fuel cycle have been dismantled
24, 2004 article from the International Herald Tribuneand destroyed can there be any confidence that
lays out this argument well and succinctly:Tehran will not become a nuclear power.
Early next month, the International Atomic EnergyEuropeans and Americans agree on this goal. Now
Agency's board of directors will once again meet tothey need to agree on a common strategy to get
consider how to respond to new evidence that Iranthere.
has continued to hide significant elements of itsThe first step must be an agreement to refer the
nuclear program. Although the board may agree toissue to the Security Council, which should warn Iran
refer the issue to the UN Security Council, the Unitedthat its continued failure to fulfill all its nonproliferation
States and Europe still differ on how best to respondobligations constitutes a threat to international peace
to Tehran's continuing violation of its nonproliferationand security.
obligations.Next, the United States and Europe should agree on
The trans-Atlantic partners urgently need to coalescea common strategy that combines Europe's
around a long-term strategy for confronting Iran.preference for carrots with America's preference for
Such agreement is needed to effectively detersticks. They have to agree on a clear set of
Iranian violations and to keep the prospect of abenchmarks and deadlines for Iran to give up its
diplomatic resolution open.enrichment and reprocessing capabilities. Tehran's
It is needed for a second reason too: This disputecompliance would lead to the economic and
has all the makings of repeating the disastroustechnology cooperation that European leaders
fissures that developed over Iraq, except this timepromised last fall.
Britain appears to be siding with its European partnersAt the same time, the United States and Europe
against the United States. That would be tragic forwould have to draw red lines that Tehran could not
many reasons, not least because in this particularcross. And they would have to reach a clear
case there is absolutely no difference between theunderstanding on the kinds of coercive actions they
two sides on the ultimate objective.would take in the event of further noncompliance
Everyone, Europe and the United States as well asfrom economic sanctions through, ultimately, the
Australia, Canada, Japan and even Russia, knows thatdestruction by force of Iranian nuclear facilities.
the consequences of Iran becoming a nuclear powerThe high costs of U.S.-European disagreement over
are exceedingly grave.how to deal with Iran are all too obvious. It should
Tehran's long-range missiles would put much ofnot be beyond the capability of U.S. and European
Europe within reach of a possible nuclear strike.diplomats to forge a common strategy.
Neighboring states might respond by acquiring