| It is not difficult to become a believer
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| | costing will increase energy prices.
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| in global warming. According to the U.S.
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| | According to a European Research
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| National Climatic Data Center 2001 was
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| | Commission Report of July 2001 "The cost
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| the second warmest year on record and it
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| | of producing electricity from coal or oil
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| was the 23rd consecutive year of above
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| | would double if costs such as damage to
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| normal temperatures. Perhaps most
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| | the environment and health were taken
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| troubling is the fact that the rate of
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| | into account".
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| temperature increase is accelerating. Add
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| | The global movement to high efficiency is
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| to this the data just released from
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| | accelerating just like the rate of
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| insurer Munich Re stating that deaths
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| | temperature increase. But this is not all
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| from natural disasters were more than
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| | that is changing. This second
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| double in 2001 versus 2000 and insured
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| | environmental threat of global warming is
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| losses were up more than 50%.UNEP
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| | making it clear that we need to give
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| estimates that the extra economic costs
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| | combined consideration to ozone depletion
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| of disasters attributable to global
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| | and global warming. But more important is
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| warming are running at more than $300
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| | the need to focus on the real issue which
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| billion annually.
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| | is the total environmental impact not
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| Some 180 countries are proceeding toward
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| | address each individual environmental
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| an expected ratification of the Kyoto
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| | threat in isolation. This includes the
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| Protocol by the end of this year. Of the
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| | concept of environmental risk exposure,
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| six gases it will control CO2 is by far
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| | which recognizes that there are other
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| the largest contributing nearly 90% of
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| | environmental threats that are less well
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| the global warming impact. The primary
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| | understood today. However, there are "no
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| source of CO2 is the burning of fossil
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| | regrets" decisions we can make today
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| fuels. Therefore the focus on energy will
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| | (such as minimum refrigerant charge,
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| continue to increase.
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| | minimum atmospheric life refrigerants,
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| Throughout the world different methods
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| | etc.) to minimize these risks.
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| are being used to encourage reduced
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| | Combined consideration would place more
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| energy use. Japan has enacted the Energy
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| | emphasis on reducing the use of CFCs,
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| Conservation Law in 1999 mandating huge
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| | which are still being produced in
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| efficiency improvements by 2004 for
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| | developing countries until 2010 in
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| nearly all air conditioning products. The
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| | accordance with the Montreal Protocol.
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| U.S. has revised ASHRAE Standard 90.1 for
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| | Little attention is being given the large
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| buildings to raise the minimum COP level
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| | contribution to global warming from CFCs.
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| for centrifugal chillers from the current
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| | Actions which cause confusion and delay
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| value of 5.2 to 6.1 effective in October
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| | the phaseout of CFCs cause increased
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| 2001. DOE and Green Seal have revised
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| | environmental damage rather than
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| their recommended efficiency levels to an
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| | lessening the environmental impact.
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| even higher level of 6.27.
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| | The other rapidly changing factor in the
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| Some countries use laws. Others use codes
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| | HVAC industry is the shift to becoming a
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| and standards. An increasing number of
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| | hermetic industry, where refrigerant is
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| countries are using environmental costing
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| | contained throughout the life of a
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| which increases the price of energy
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| | chiller and recycled for further use when
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| thereby increasing the financial
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| | the chiller is replaced. This simple
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| attractiveness of high efficiency
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| | understanding that "if it doesn't get
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| products. European countries have been
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| | into the environment it does no harm" is
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| using such "carbon taxes" for more than a
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| | a powerful argument, which will lead to
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| decade. However a rapidly growing trend
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| | the continued use of the most efficient
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| in developing countries is the reduction
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| | refrigerants in such closed hermetic
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| of subsidies to energy industries "so
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| | applications as chillers. In just 15
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| prices more accurately reflect
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| | years annual refrigerants emissions from
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| environmental impacts" according to
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| | chillers have been reduced from 25% to
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| OECD's Environmental Strategy for the
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| | well below 1% today. This defines a whole
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| First Decade of the 21st Century.
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| | different world than that which existed
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| China has shown leadership by reducing
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| | when the Montreal Protocol was crafted
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| subsidies to the coal industry from $24.5
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| | some 15 years ago.
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| billion in 1990 to $10 billion in 1996
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| | But perhaps the most important change
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| resulting in 7% emissions reduction while
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| | coming to our industry is the realization
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| seeing a solid economic growth of 36%!
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| | that there are no new or "perfect"
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| China is now moving aggressively into
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| | refrigerants waiting to be discovered.
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| environmental costing with the just
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| | There are eight elements that can be
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| announced (1/13/2002) 5-year
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| | combined for use in a vapor compression
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| environmental plan that commits 700
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| | cycle. All feasible combinations of these
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| billion yuan ($84 billion) to help
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| | eight have been evaluated. The reality is
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| protect the environment. The government
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| | "what we have now is all there is".
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| will provide the fist 65 billion yuan to
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| | This recognition is why we are now seeing
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| initiate the project but will apply the
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| | a shift from the search for a perfect
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| "polluter pays" principle for the rest.
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| | refrigerant to a search for the right
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| The "environmental protection authorities
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| | refrigerant(s) for the right application.
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| will collect funds from the
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| | Said another way, the highest efficiency
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| pollution-producing companies". The
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| | refrigerants for the lowest emissions
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| impact on the price of energy is not
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| | applications. Many in our industry call
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| known at this time. However it is clear
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| | this "Responsible Use".
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| that the addition of environmental
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